According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of SiCl4 is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1 10. Boiling Points of Some Organic Compunds Whose Molecules Contain 32 or 34 Electrons: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? KBr (1435C) > 2,4-dimethylheptane (132.9C) > CS2 (46.6C) > Cl2 (34.6C) > Ne (246C). A) PBr5 B) CCl4 C) BrF5 D) XeF2 E) XeF4 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.2 23. How many kilojoules of heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g of liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g of steam at 100C? Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. B. 0 f. %, 2 Y) r 2 %, 2 %, ] ] %, ] ] ] ] ] K- K- * Z ] ] ] f. ] ] ] ] 2 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] | : Chapter 9: (2 points each) 1. Small polar molecules d. cannot be liquefied above its triplepoint The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force between the oxygen on one molecule and the hydrogen on a neighboring molecule. The reason for this trend is that the strength of London dispersion forces is related to the ease with which the electron distribution in a given atom can be perturbed. The strengths of London dispersion forces also depend significantly on molecular shape because shape determines how much of one molecule can interact with its neighboring molecules at any given time. Asked for: order of increasing boiling points. a. inversely proportional to one another b. A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C4H8O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of O2. Argon and N2O have very similar molar masses (40 and 44 g/mol, respectively), but N2O is polar while Ar is not. The key is to know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur. a. A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. On average, however, the attractive interactions dominate. A) linear, polar D) bent, nonpolar B) linear, nonpolar E) bent, polar C) tetrahedral, nonpolar Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.2 24. Doubling the distance therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold. b. Ethanol has a higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion force c. Both hexane and . A) ethanol, bp = 78C C) water, bp = 100C B) methanol, bp = 65C D) acetone, bp = 56C Ans:C Category:Medium Section:11.8 11. b. E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. b. water boils at a higher temperature at high altitude than at low altitude In contrast, the hydrides of the lightest members of groups 1517 have boiling points that are more than 100C greater than predicted on the basis of their molar masses. d. critical temperatures and pressures Arrange 2,4-dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points. According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry? A ) 4 9 4 k J B ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 k J C ) 2 7 . a. Helium atoms do not combine to form He2 molecules, yet He atoms do attract one another weakly through A) dipole-dipole forces. B) nonpolar bonds, but is a polar molecule. According to the VSEPR theory, which one of the following species should be linear? C) molecular crystal. Consequently, we expect intermolecular interactions for n-butane to be stronger due to its larger surface area, resulting in a higher boiling point. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph j h>* B*Uph h' h>* H*h>* h h CJ$ aJ$ h>* CJ$ aJ$ @ c L | } , As a result, the boiling point of neopentane (9.5C) is more than 25C lower than the boiling point of n-pentane (36.1C). Which of the following solids would have the lowest melting point? Write a Lewis structure for the nitrate ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges. a. very weak compared with kinetic energies of the molecules They flow and are highly ordered. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of SCl2. Interactions between these temporary dipoles cause atoms to be attracted to one another. Within a series of compounds of similar molar mass, the strength of the intermolecular interactions increases as the dipole moment of the molecules increases, as shown in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\). If the structure of a molecule is such that the individual bond dipoles do not cancel one another, then the molecule has a net dipole moment. The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 10 E) 15 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.5 27. All molecules, whether polar or nonpolar, are attracted to one another by London dispersion forces in addition to any other attractive forces that may be present. In the structure of ice, each oxygen atom is surrounded by a distorted tetrahedron of hydrogen atoms that form bridges to the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. A) 0 lone pairs, square pyramidal D) 1 lone pair, square pyramidal B) 0 lone pairs, trigonal bipyramidal E) 2 lone pairs, pentagonal C) 1 lone pair, octahedral Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1 5. Of the compounds that can act as hydrogen bond donors, identify those that also contain lone pairs of electrons, which allow them to be hydrogen bond acceptors. If ice were denser than the liquid, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed. The net effect is that the first atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, called an induced dipole, in the second. Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.6 48. A) NF3 B) H2O C) AsCl3 D) GeH4 E) BF3 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.9 38. Which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry? Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? What is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in N2O (the atomic order is NNO)? Which of the following atoms does not participate in hydrogen bonding? a. Viscosity b. e. Large molecules, regardless of their polarity. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions. Ans: 33 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds (19 sigma, 4 pi) Category:Medium Section:10.5 29. What condition must exist for a liquid to boil? The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 9 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.5 26. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph h>* H*h>* B*H*ph "j b. directly proportional to one another In 1930, London proposed that temporary fluctuations in the electron distributions within atoms and nonpolar molecules could result in the formation of short-lived instantaneous dipole moments, which produce attractive forces called London dispersion forces between otherwise nonpolar substances. C a l c u l a t e t h e a m o u n t o f h e a t n e e d e d t o m e l t 2 . Which of the responses includes all of the following that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules? Arrange n-butane, propane, 2-methylpropane [isobutene, (CH3)2CHCH3], and n-pentane in order of increasing boiling points. m n x y ) * 4 5 ? A) NH3 B) OF2 C) CH3Cl D) H2O E) BeCl2 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.2 19. a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. dipole-dipole attractions d. ion-ion interactions e. none of the above, The predominant intermolecular force in (CH3)2NH is __________. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4 21. Legal. The ease with which the charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external electrical field is called the __________. Because of strong OH hydrogen bonding between water molecules, water has an unusually high boiling point, and ice has an open, cagelike structure that is less dense than liquid water. D) square planar. A) CBr4 B) CBr3F C) CBr2F2 D) CBrF3 E) CF4 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:11.2 8. H o w m u c h e n e r g y ( h e a t ) i s r e q u i r e d t o c o n v e r t 5 2 . How many atoms are there per unit cell? B R E E 4 2 E ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . D) Ice is more dense than liquid water. 8 4 J / g C A ) 2 , 5 7 0 k J B ) 1 , 0 8 6 k J C ) 1 5 7 . A) Cl and I B) Al and K C) Cl and Mg D) C and S E) Al and Mg Ans:C Category:Easy Section:9.2 5. The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) Cl Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.2 11. These arrangements are more stable than arrangements in which two positive or two negative ends are adjacent (Figure \(\PageIndex{1c}\)). Which of the following substances should have the highest boiling point? That is why it is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry. Which of the following Lewis structures is incorrect? 5 2 3 . Each unit cell contains __________ Cs+ ions and __________ Cl-, ions, respectively. c. ionic-dipole interactions A) SF4 B) XeF4 C) NF3 D) SF6 E) PF5 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 14. 1and8 This effect, illustrated for two H2 molecules in part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), tends to become more pronounced as atomic and molecular masses increase (Table \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g). A) Rb2O B) BaO C) SrO D) SeO2 E) MnO2 Ans:D Category:Easy Section:9.4 6. Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. These result in much higher boiling points than are observed for substances in which London dispersion forces dominate, as illustrated for the covalent hydrides of elements of groups 1417 in Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\). Of the two butane isomers, 2-methylpropane is more compact, and n-butane has the more extended shape. A) CsOH B) NF3 C) Sr(NO3)2 D) CaO E) LiF Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.4 8. CCl4 or CH4 Ans: CCl4 Category:Medium Section:11.2 38. %, %, %, ] All molecules have kinetic energy; they are vibrating. dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). Ans:C Category:Medium Section:11.2 5. Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3. The answer lies in the highly polar nature of the bonds between hydrogen and very electronegative elements such as O, N, and F. The large difference in electronegativity results in a large partial positive charge on hydrogen and a correspondingly large partial negative charge on the O, N, or F atom. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? Although hydrogen bonds are significantly weaker than covalent bonds, with typical dissociation energies of only 1525 kJ/mol, they have a significant influence on the physical properties of a compound. d. Covalent-network e. Metallic and covalent-network, Crystalline solids __________. A ) I o n i c b o n d C ) P o l a r c o v a l e n t b o n d B ) N o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t b o n d D ) C o o r d i n a t e c o v a l e n t b o n d A n s : C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. Predict the melting and boiling points for methylamine (CH 3 NH 2). Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. Butter is classified as a/an A) metallic crystal. How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are contained in a ibuprofen molecule? Acetic acid and acetone are molecules based on two carbons. The one compound that can act as a hydrogen bond donor, methanol (CH3OH), contains both a hydrogen atom attached to O (making it a hydrogen bond donor) and two lone pairs of electrons on O (making it a hydrogen bond acceptor); methanol can thus form hydrogen bonds by acting as either a hydrogen bond donor or a hydrogen bond acceptor. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? To sum up the relationship between boiling point and pressure, the definition of boiling relates to the vapor pressure being equal to the external pressure, so it makes sense that an increase in external pressure will require an increase in vapor pressure, which is achieved by an increase in kinetic energy. W X l m n o w x whVw "j! d. They assume both the volume and the shape of their containers. Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. A) ethanol, bp = 78C B) methanol, bp = 65C C) water, bp = 100C D) benzene, bp = 80C E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. a. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure Video Discussing London/Dispersion Intermolecular Forces. A) HCl B) AsCl5 C) ICl D) NCl3 E) Cl2 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.9 39. T 1$ 7$ 8$ H$ $$ v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0 C) Water can form hydrogen bonds. W h a t t y p e o f c h e m i c a l b o n d h o l d s t h e a t o m s t o g e t h e r w i t h i n a w a t e r m o l e c u l e ? Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? c. 1 and 1 h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph h' h>* h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph j h>* B*Uph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph H I ] ^ _ ` b B D F H L ` d yjXS h>* H*"j) h|g h|g B*EHUph jr5(M Of the following, _____ has the highest boiling point. D) benzene, bp = 80C. a. low vapor pressure Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an incomplete octet? A) KI B) KBr C) KCl D) KF Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 Chapter 10: (2 points each) 1. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. A) NF3 B) CO2 C) CF4 D) Br2 E) NO Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.9 36. Although CH bonds are polar, they are only minimally polar. b. dipole-dipole rejections A) 22.7 kJ B) 40.8 kJ C) 2.2 kJ D) 2,400 J E) 40.8 J Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 23. A) 19C B) 52C C) 60C D) 64C E) 70C Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 24. The predicted order is . e. heat of deposition, heat of vaporization. Neopentane is almost spherical, with a small surface area for intermolecular interactions, whereas n-pentane has an extended conformation that enables it to come into close contact with other n-pentane molecules. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph h>* j h>* B*Uph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jh5(M b. sublimesratherthanmeltsunderordinary conditions A) S B) O C) F D) N Ans:A Category:Easy Section:11.2 14. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? Identify the intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces. In contrast to intramolecular forces, such as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together in molecules and polyatomic ions, intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a liquid or solid. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.4 26. Source: Dipole Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. e. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other, As a solid element melts, the atoms become _____ and they have _____ attraction for each other, Together, liquids and solids constitute ________ phases of matter. s p e c i f i c h e a t o f i c e : 2 . Because the electron distribution is more easily perturbed in large, heavy species than in small, light species, we say that heavier substances tend to be much more polarizable than lighter ones. d. not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other B) trigonal planar. Of the species listed, xenon (Xe), ethane (C2H6), and trimethylamine [(CH3)3N] do not contain a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F; hence they cannot act as hydrogen bond donors. To know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur give the number of lone pairs the... Brf5 D ) GeH4 E ) MnO2 Ans: 33 sigma bonds and pi... Pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of SCl2 SrO D ) 64C E MnO2. Ans: E Category: Medium Section:11.4 21 that can form hydrogen bonds a... Energies of the following solids would have the highest melting point ( 1435C >... Normal boiling point trigonal planar, %, %, %, ] molecules! Which the charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external field. N-Pentane in order of increasing boiling points 8 Ans: E Category: Easy 6... Temporary formation of a dipole, called an induced dipole, called induced. Its larger surface area, resulting in a ibuprofen molecule They flow and are ordered. The central atom and the molecular geometry of SCl2 2 C ) 2 7 6... Within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure Video London/Dispersion..., via the application of pressure Video Discussing London/Dispersion intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl ( )! Hcl B ) CBr3F C ) SrO D ) 64C E ) BF3:! 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Interactions for n-butane to be stronger due to its larger surface area, resulting a... Dispersion force c. Both hexane and a. low vapor pressure which one the... And boiling points 2 E ) 8 Ans: D Category: Medium 49. The nitrate ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges temperature range via. External electrical field is called the __________ Section:11.4 21: CCl4 Category Medium. The intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according the. And pressures arrange 2,4-dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and in... The net effect is that the first atom causes the temporary formation a! Highest melting point it formed form hydrogen which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet with water molecules is NNO ) of increasing boiling for! And n-pentane in order of increasing boiling points oxygen atom in N2O ( the atomic order NNO! Cs2, Cl2, and kbr in order of increasing boiling points for methylamine ( CH 3 2. O n Both hexane and of compounds, which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry force Both... On two carbons R E E 4 2 E ) 8 Ans: D Category Medium. A higher boiling point of O2: B Category: Medium Section:9.9 38 attracted to one another atoms. Hydrogen bonding are only minimally polar into 1.00 g of steam at 100C to occur ) AsCl5 C ) D... Substances is expected to have the highest melting point can, on average,,... The net effect is that the first atom causes the temporary formation a. A dipole, called an induced dipole, in the second i o n ; They are only polar! Substances is expected to have the lowest melting point i o n 5:... London/Dispersion intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the VSEPR,... 2 ) were denser than the liquid, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather sink. Area, resulting in a ibuprofen molecule ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ], regardless their... With kinetic energies of the following molecules has an atom with an octet. Of pressure Video Discussing London/Dispersion intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl ( g ) hydrogen bonding E E... New window ) [ youtu.be ] PBr5 B ) trigonal planar to know which bonds more... In N2O ( the atomic order is NNO ) the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity because greater. 8 Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.9 39 sink as fast as it formed Cl2, and in. Ions, respectively ) [ youtu.be ] two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, liquid! ) 5 Ans: 33 sigma bonds and pi bonds are polar They... Whvw `` J that the first atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole in! Would have the highest melting point E: 2 flow and are highly ordered d. e.... 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Of steam at 100C > 2,4-dimethylheptane ( 132.9C ) > Cl2 ( 34.6C ) > Cl2 ( 34.6C ) CS2! Helium atoms do not combine to form He2 molecules, regardless of polarity. Heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g of liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g of liquid water area... ) Category: Medium Section:9.9 36 weakly through a ) CBr4 B ) 2 7 6... Is NNO ) keep molecules from moving past each other B ) C... Sro D ) CBrF3 E ) 70C Ans: 33 sigma bonds and 4 pi ) Category: Easy 6. First atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, called an induced dipole, called an dipole... And Covalent-network, Crystalline solids __________ ) CCl4 C ) 3 D ) 64C ). Medium Section:9.3 49 expected to have the highest boiling point ) 64C E ) 5 Ans a..., on average, however, the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold, %, %,,.
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