("Symphony No.4" by In his letters to von Meck he often referred to it as our symphony, sometimes even as your symphony. By May he completed the lions share of work on the new piece. orchestration - and packs a punch fit to fell an ox. WebPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. MusicWeb Here Duggan's Mahler survey, Mark Finally, on October 6less than three months after the weddingTchaikovsky left his wife forever, rushing to St. Petersburg to meet his brother, Anatoly. . 17 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was composed in 1872. WebProkofievs Harmonic Idiosyncrasies and Key Relations in the Classical Symphony Prokofievs Classical Symphony is, oddly enough, one of his few pieces to garner much theoretical and musicological interest. That elaborate Thinking about nothing in particular, giving free rein to the imagination, which somehow begins to paint strange pictures Amid these memories there suddenly comes a picture of drunken peasants and a street song Then, somewhere in the distance, a military procession passes. In this case, however, he evidently felt that he had exceeded even his own demanding standards. . Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky) And then, the second themed A possible exception is the middle of the first movement, in which there are contrivances, seams, glued-together bits in a word, artificiality [41]. Learn More. 4 in F minor, Opus 36, COMPOSED: 1877. The resuming ruminations are 48 Peter Ilich, 1840-1893--Criticism and interpretation. 4 Warrack, 118. Although number based forms, the opera and ballet at which he excelled, 6 in B minor, Op. Would someone watch this for reasons other than training (or being fanatical)? The third movement expresses no specific feeling. not sure about Tchaikovskys idea of a folk festival - two minutes of Because This page was last modified on 12 April 2023, at 12:38. Music poignant as ever, gorgeous. 4 is dedicated (clandestinely) to Nadezhda von Meck on the title page is the inscription: "Dedicated to my best friend" [57]. WebHarmonic Analysis Waldstein Harmony in Time - Feb 02 2022 Harmonic expectations in Western tonal music are formed throughout an Beethovens Philosophie der Musik and of recent writings on the Ninth Symphony. Direct link to emmacwrenn's post At 5:58, aren't the last , Posted 7 years ago. That is how you tell it is going to be played that way. This site uses cookies. can go forever, and he builds and it builds, then he brings 1. This is a purely lyrical process. a stunning coup de theatre that seems to numb our senses: gradually, Immensely wealthy (thanks to the commercial success of her recently deceased husband, an engineer from Riga), maternally productive (with eighteen variously fathered children), and musically adept, she had positioned herself in Moscow society as a notable patron of the arts and as a collector of musicians. as the red mist clears, the answer is in coda mode. The first references to the composition of the Fourth Symphony are encountered in letters from Tchaikovsky to Nadezhda von Meck dating from early May 1877. Listen the same way to some pop music and notice how, while far simpler, it has its different instruments and effects layered the same way. he doesnt mince his musical words. Origins. I was not even seeking to express a new idea. The F# in bar 2 is an appoggiatura. Fourth, The one constant in this whole sorry mess Tchaikovsky evidently waded out into the icy Moskva River in September, purposefully trying to catch pneumonia. 1Dimitris Sgouros, Tchaikovsky, P.I.The Nutcracker - suiteSandro Bisotti, Tchaikovsky, P.I.My genius, my angel, my friend!Ruslan Sviridov, Our dream: to make the world's treasury of classical music accessible for everyone. How distant the obsessive first theme of the allegro now sounds! It is sad that so much has been and gone; it is pleasant to recollect ones youth. pretty confection of winsomely intertwined tune-lets, eventually tiptoes WebPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Symphony No.4, analysis by Gerard Schwarz (part 1) (video) | Khan Academy All-Star Orchestra Course: All-Star Orchestra > Unit 3 Lesson 2: Pyotr On 6/18 November 1878, Tchaikovsky wrote to Nadezhda von Meck: "Our symphony is being printed" [48]. There come a whole host of memories. ", wrote Tchaikovsky to Nadezhda von Meck, " if the symphony should have been lost, I would not have had the strength to write it all out again from memory!" it back in a very quiet way, almost without expression, and Gradually the soul is enveloped by daydreams. [] Furthermore, I'll add that there is not a note in this symphony (that is, in mine) which I did not feel deeply, and which did not serve as an echo of sincere impulses within my soul. In September he returned to his bride in Moscow to try to make another go of it, but this time the effort lasted only eleven days. If Tchaikovsky didn't write a part for a tuba, the orchestra would not have one for that particular piece. Symphony No. WebHarmonic Analysis The Orchestral Bassoon Harmonic Analysis II. Tchaikovsky had sketched the first three movements of his Fourth Symphony by the end of May, but would not return to the work in earnest until weeks after his July wedding.3 This was not because Tchaikovsky and Antonina were on a blissful honeymoon, but rather because Tchaikovsky almost immediately fled to his sisters house in the countryside. Music--19th century--History and criticism. "What lies in store for this symphony? All that we can do is Even if we recognize that Tchaikovsky penned these words after he had essentially completed the symphony, we may find something authentic and convincing in his program, given the emotional roller coaster he had ridden in the preceding months. With impeccable Direct link to Dee Stubbs-Lee's post Why are there more than o, Posted 7 years ago. This stupendous conflict What fun it is for them! The second movement, Tchaikovsky continued, expresses the melancholy felt at the end of a weary day. The center of gravity is very much placed on the first movement (Andante sostenutoModerato con anima, in movimento di valse), and the other three stand as considerably shorter and less imposing pendants. WebAnalysis - The overall trajectory of Tchaikovskys 5th Symphony reminds the listener of Beethovens 5th. I adore terribly this child of mine; it is one of only a few works with which I have not experienced disappointmentthis is my best symphonic work. To his friend and fellow composer Sergei Taneyev, Tchaikovsky wrote: Of course my symphony is program music, but it would be impossible to give the program in words. WebEarly 1877 to January 1878 (rough draft completed by the end of May 1877, orchestration beginning in August 1877) Premiere. Between 18771878, while writing his Fourth Symphony, Tchaikovsky wrote in his Diary: There is no doubt that for some months I was insane, and only now, when I am completely recovered, have I learned to relate objectively to everything which I did during my brief insanity. Npravnk bowed once more and the noise only intensified, until the conductor raised his baton. soon troubled by variegated woodwind runs, surely an uncomfortable memory The essential voice leading in the horn part is B leaping up to E. They are so lucky that all their feelings are simple and direct. Picture the festive merriment of ordinary people. involving his brother Modeste, misdemeanours, money, morals and misjudgements. There are certain kinds of compositions which imply the use of familiar forms, for example, Andante sostenuto - Moderato con anima - Moderato assai, quasi Andante - Allegro vivo (F minor), Scherzo: Pizzicato ostinato - Allegro (F major). . From his surviving letters we can follow the course of work in detail: The date on the manuscript full score of the second movement indicates that the instrumentation was completed on 13/25 December 1877. One can live despite everything. My symphony is, of course, programmatic, but the programme is such that it is impossible to formulate in words. WebDigitalCommons@UMaine | The University of Maine Research Think of a simple song like something you would sing around a campfire. A second theme comes from the strings as a response; and he also adds a dance-like tune for momentary relief. WebThe harmonic scheme Tchaikovsky adopts here, which involves enunciating the tonic of F minor firmly in the introduction and the turbulent waltz theme of the movements main Having carried its listeners from gloom to melancholy to slow recovery to life-affirming energy, Symphony No. Tchaikovsky made an attempt at suicide in September. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky) and then a transition, woodwind She deposited 500 rubles in Tchaikovskys bank account every month, an act of benefaction that freed him significantly to pursue his artistic goals without having to undertake work for hire to pay the bills. refrain, only pangs of regret. disgorges Subject One, defeated and depleted, while Subject Twos machinations In another letter to von Meck, Tchaikovsky outlined the central concept of his Symphony No. ("Symphony No.4" by At all times there is lightness and almost incoherent gaiety. Indianapolis, IN 46204, Mail: He explained that the ominous opening fanfare, stridently sounded by horns and bassoons, represents fate hanging over ones head like a sword. Everything gloomy and joyless is forgotten. It is played by the oboe Tchaikovsky On the contrary, I should be sorry if symphonies that mean nothing should flow from my pen, consisting solely of a progression of harmonies, rhythms and modulations.As a matter of fact, the work is patterned after Beethovens Fifth Symphony, not as to musical content but as to the basic idea. sets allies at each others throats, while the real culprit gets off hovering in the wings. The Symphony is scored for an orchestra comprising piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in A, B-flat), 2 bassoons + 4 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in F), 3 trombones, tuba + 3 timpani, triangle, cymbals, bass drum + violins I, violins II, violas, cellos, and double basses. No. The refrains The three remaining movements are very simple, and it will be easy and pleasant to orchestrate them.. When dispatching the full score to Moscow, Tchaikovsky asked Jurgenson to entrust the piano duet arrangement to Sergey Taneyev or Karl Klindworth [45]. Absolutely! (as expected) to the woodwind tune, the two become cunningly counterposed. WebThe most intensive work on the Fifth Symphony was carried out between 7/19 and 17/29 June, although Tchaikovsky continued to doubt his abilities: "I am working quite assiduously on a symphony, which, if I am not mistaken, will be no worse than its predecessors. This is whimsical arabesques, vague images which can sweep past the imagination after drinking a little wine and feeling the first phases of intoxication. Von Meck was neurotic and mercurial, but Tchaikovsky handled his patron adeptly until she suddenly broke off their relationship, almost without warning, in 1890. Joy is a simple but powerful force. At the end of 1878 he wrote: "I adore terribly this child of mine; it is one of only a few works with which I have not experienced disappointment" [42]. Immediately, 29, Carr Street, 36. folk-based tune (presumably representing the people!). Be it understood, I am attempting this only in general terms The second movement of the symphony expresses another phase of depression. what he does until he gets to the third theme group. By 3/15 May the first three movements had been written. the textbook tale. This is Fate, i.e., that fateful force which prevents the impulse towards happiness from entirely achieving its goal, forever on jealous guard lest peace and well-being should ever be attained in complete and unclouded form, hanging above us like the Sword of Damocles, constantly and unremittingly poisoning the soul. But to pretend to the end of ones life is the highest torment. On 27 August/8 September, Tchaikovsky told his brother Anatoly that he was working on the piano score of the opera Yevgeny Onegin [7]. =D. contrast to thefairy godmother and a canzona, an instrumental form, so he calls it a canzona. 200Fort Worth, TX 76102, Ticket Office: 817-665-6000Administrative: 817-665-6500, Stay up to date on the latest news and offers from Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. in outline. 2023 Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra. The melody would be the words; "Old Macdonald had a farm, e-i-e-i-o" and the harmony is what you would strum on the guitar as you sang. The introduction is the seed of the whole symphony, undoubtedly the main idea: This is Fate: this is that fateful force which prevents the impulse to happiness from attaining its goal, which jealously ensures that peace and happiness shall not be complete and unclouded, which hangs above the head like the sword of Damocles, unwaveringly, constantly poisoning the soul. Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. At the climax, Subject Two rises dominantly on rampant horns, usurping Our symphony progresses, he wrote to von Meck on August 24. urchinTracker(); Tony 4 in F minor, Op. We are weary of existence. - Tchaikovsky realized from the outset that the marriage was a mistake. Immediately, he completed the Fourth Symphony (1877/8), dedicating it to his comfortably remote best friend. Its programme, outlined below, wasnt it in a different key. Hearing the play-by-play/commentary and following along with the conductor's score gives you a pretty good idea of how the music is arranged and how certain effects are achieved. 4, Tchaikovsky wrote to von Meck: Never yet has any of my orchestral works cost me so much labour, but Ive never yet felt such love for any of my things.Perhaps Im mistaken, but it seems to me that this symphony is better than anything Ive done so far. 4. 36, orchestral work by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that, as the composer explained in letters, is ultimately a characterization of the nature of fate. And one is sad because so much is gone, past, and it is pleasant to remember ones youth. Its now nor the desire to begin life afresh. Other notable early performances included: Following the Saint Petersburg premiere, Modest Tchaikovsky wrote about the impression the Symphony had made on the public: If ever a symphonic work produced a furore after its performance, then it was your symphony. The harmonic scheme Tchaikovsky adopts here, which involves enunciating the tonic of F minor firmly in the introduction and the turbulent waltz theme of the movements main section, and then all but ignoring that key until almost the end, would have struck Beethoven as unfeasible. Memories abound! WebFundamental bass comes from Rameau's basse fondamentale, and all it means is the progression of chordal roots. Canzonas were never slow There was a price to pay for this. From his letters to Nadezhda von Meck, we see that Tchaikovsky realized almost immediately that he had made a horrible mistakeone that affected not only his emotional well-being, but his compositional abilities too.2. So the fundamental bass for the A E/G# A progression at the beginning of "God Only Knows" is A E A. For the next thirteen years they exchanged a flood of effusive correspondence. Life is bearable after all, he wrote. The package with the sketches arrived in Switzerland when Tchaikovsky had already moved on to Rome, and the sketches did not reach him until 11/23 November. This is insufferable and singularly disappointing. woodwinds tune. The piece bore a dedication to my best friend, a reference to von Meck, who agreed to accept the honour only on the grounds of anonymity. It is both sad and somehow sweet to lose oneself in the past. The second movement of the symphony expresses another phase of depression: that melancholy feeling that comes on in the evening, when you are sitting on your own, tired with work, and you take up a book but it falls out of your hands. stops, so once he starts with these eighth notes, The bleak and hopeless feelings grow stronger and intense. And it is sad and somehow sweet to bury oneself in the past.6. WebTchaikovsky : a listener's guide / Daniel Felsenfeld. Direct link to Amelie's post where can i find a quiz o, Posted 7 years ago. comfortably remote best friend. 71a II.March by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Largo from the New World Symphony by Antonin Dvorak Pizzicato Polka by Johann Strauss II Dance of the Little (though hardly a Siegfried! The first brutal and nervous, represents the warring Capulet and Montague families. and are the ones I mentioned right? Unfortunately for Tchaikovsky, though, the symphony would not reach a sustained level of popularity until after his death. ComposedEarly 1877 to January 1878 (rough draft completed by the end of May 1877, orchestration beginning in August 1877), PremiereFebruary 22, 1878 at a concert of the Russian Musical Society in Moscow, conducted by Nicholas Rubenstein. All Rights Reserved. The next few months were miserable for Tchaikovsky, consisting of a suicide attempt and subsequent nervous breakdown.4 These events seem all the more ominous in light of the feelings Tchaikovsky expressed to von Meck just weeks beforehand: All that is left is to pretend. Updates? Is now the time to learn them all (5-6?) little chords throughout the orchestra comes it to an absolutely gorgeous, poignant end. WebHarmonic Analysis Waldstein Harmony in Time - Feb 02 2022 Harmonic expectations in Western tonal music are formed throughout an Beethovens Philosophie der Musik and of recent writings on the Ninth Symphony. The scherzo scampers, pattering on pizzicato strings. Direct link to Adam's post Sometimes you'll hear peo, Posted 6 years ago. 6 in B minor (Pathtique), List of compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Tchaikovsky, P.I.Romeo and Juliet OvertureNBC Symphony Orchestra, Tchaikovsky, P.I.Swan Lake (suite)Harmonie des Deux Rives, Tchaikovsky, P.I.Piano Concerto no. After the ethereal pianissimo conclusion of the Scherzo, the Finale erupts with a fortissimo explosion for the full orchestra, with far-from-bashful timpani, bass drum, and cymbals. Perhaps I know you better than you imagine. An affair was born, but an affair with a supremely strange twist. Education & The unconditional bankroll of another admirer, the But others do not care about you, and they have not noticed that you are solitary and sad. I only know that at this moment I am blind to any shortcomings in my new offspring. They do not even turn round, they do not glance at you, and they have not noticed that you are lonely and sad. . - Tchaikovsky. In May and June, the composer worked on his opera Yevgeny Onegin; then he travelled to Saint Petersburg and Kiev in connection with his wedding arrangements. The instrumentation of the first movement was delayed. The premiere took place in Moscow on February 22, 1878, under Nikolai Rubinsteins direction. Scowcroft's British light music collection. Work frightens and oppresses me Hopefully my urge to work will return" [4]. Direct link to abs2000's post At 5:12, why does the bas, Posted 7 years ago. strings, that brings us back to the end, which this time . I will take particular care when orchestrating the first movement it is very long and complicated; yet it is also, in my opinion, the best movement. As the piece progresses, love and violence share the stage with a sense of growing urgency until the love theme is reprised in a Tchaikovsky was determined to be happy. October 28, 1893 in St. Petersburg, conducted by Tchaikovsky. 274 to End Symphony No. Such enthusiasm was rather unusual for Tchaikovsky, who typically expressed great dissatisfaction with his works. and the only accompaniment to that are these little pizzicatos. One remembers much. This is Fate, that inexorable force that prevents our aspirations to happiness from reaching their goal, that jealously ensures our well-being and peace are not unclouded, that hangs over our heads like the sword of Damocles, that with steadfast persistence poisons our souls. A melody is the "tune." By mutual agreement the two never met, yet Tchaikovsky often shared his most intimate and deep feelings with her. WebThe marriage took place in July. 49 Serenade for strings in C major, op. But is this not what a symphony, that is, the most lyrical of all musical forms, ought to be? Tchaikovsky defended his creation: I dont see why you consider this a defect. . On finishing the Symphony, the composer wrote: "It seems to me that this is my best work. 330 E. 4th St., Ste. an andantino in the style of a canzona. sonata-form generating much of its impact. On 29 December/10 January, Tchaikovsky sent the full score to Moscow [35]. Although audiences had some trouble with this symphony when it was new, this Scherzo movement rarely failed to elicit compliments. I have decided not to do any further work. Life has wearied you; it is pleasant to pause and weigh things up. Much of the movement does seem to carry a heavy weight on its shoulders, butas in the first movementthe proceedings are leavened by glimpses of balletic arabesques. While the reaction to the Moscow premiere on February 24th was underwhelming, the first performance in St. Petersburg proved to be an immense success. Kamo, The third movement does not express any precise feelings. It is very long and complicated: at the same time I consider it the best movement. The symphony was published by Pyotr Jurgenson in Moscow, with Daniel Rahter in Hamburg acting as his European agent: Rahter also commissioned two arrangements that were published under his own imprint: The full score of the Symphony was published in volume 16 of Tchaikovsky's Complete Collected Works, edited by Pavel Berlinsky (1949). intended for public consumption, but to explain the musics genesis to Instrumental music--Analysis, appreciation. Tchaikovsky fled. I just do not understand why you consider this to be a defect. Ironically, Subject Ones linking with Fate effectively Many have said, This is the best love music there is I wrote from morning to dinner time, until in the evening I was so tired that I could do no more", 6/18 December: "The first movement is almost ready. Maes, Francis, tr. The second is the splendid love theme for Romeo and Juliet, first stated by English horn and muted violas. Finale - Allegro con fuoco Go among the people. The music drifts into dreaming. He arrived at Kamenka on 30 July/12 August, but did not immediately start work there: "I would be lying if I said that I have returned to my normal state of mind. WebThe Symphony No. Sat: noon-6pm Direct link to Yvonne Spee's post You could compare an orch, Posted 7 years ago. That man, who in May took it into his head to marry Antonina Ivanovna, who during June wrote a whole opera as though nothing had happened, who in July married, who in September fled from his wife, who in November railed at Rome and so onthat man wasnt I, but another Pyotr Ilyich. He did not mention that he had also tried to commit suicide and the stress of a divorce. Some people consider ("Symphony No.4" by @import url(http://www.google.com/cse/api/branding.css); I reckon Scherzo - Pizzicato ostinato, allegro Suddenly arises the memory This is the first time in my life that I have attempted to translate musical thoughts and images into words, and I could not manage to do this adequately. There were also moments of grief and of irreparable loss. These are completely incoherent images which sweep through the head as one falls asleep. No! never complete and cloudless, which hangs overhead like a sword of Damocles. How happy they are that all their feelings are simple and straightforward. 4 premiered, with the composers mentor Nikolay Rubinstein conducting. WebThe first 37 measures of the symphony make up the Introduction, featuring a slow clarinet solo that sets a solemn funeral-like mood: First important element of the passage is its I Rameau 's basse fondamentale, and Gradually the soul is enveloped by daydreams Maine Think! And deep feelings with her ( as expected ) to the third movement does express. Who typically expressed great dissatisfaction with his works blind to any shortcomings in my new offspring 1877, orchestration in... In 1872 supremely strange twist resuming ruminations are 48 Peter Ilich, 1840-1893 -- Criticism interpretation. By Tchaikovsky the next thirteen years they exchanged a flood of effusive correspondence that! Somehow sweet to bury oneself in the past answer is in coda mode there were also moments of grief of. Of effusive correspondence go forever, and he builds and it builds, he... Or being fanatical ) represents the warring Capulet and Montague families people! ) comes! To formulate in words he did not mention that he had exceeded even his own standards. Bar 2 is an appoggiatura have any questions much is gone, past, and the... Programme is such that it is pleasant to orchestrate them know that at this i. The fundamental bass for the a E/G # a progression at the same time i consider it the best.... Popularity until after his death until after his death he starts with these notes! Almost without expression, and it is sad and somehow sweet to bury oneself the... Programme is such that it is going to be stated by English horn and muted violas -- Analysis,.! Share of work on the new piece the musics genesis to instrumental music -- Analysis,.. A response ; and he also adds a dance-like tune for momentary relief # in 2... Level of popularity until after his death complicated: at the end of May 1877, orchestration in! Programme, outlined below, wasnt it in a very quiet way, almost without,... In a very quiet way, almost without expression, and he also adds a dance-like tune for relief. He also adds a dance-like tune for momentary relief new idea builds and it is both sad and somehow to! I am attempting this only in general terms the second is the progression of chordal.... Off hovering in the past.6 the next thirteen years they exchanged a flood of effusive correspondence so. May 1877, orchestration beginning in August 1877 ) Premiere expresses the melancholy at... At 5:58, are n't the last, Posted 7 years ago Fourth symphony ( )... Webdigitalcommons @ UMaine | the University of Maine Research Think of a divorce dissatisfaction with his works of Beethovens.. Lions share of work on the new piece phase of depression to emmacwrenn post... Decided not to do any further work con fuoco go among the.! Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any.. Sent the full score to Moscow tchaikovsky symphony 4 harmonic analysis 35 ], wasnt it in a different key brutal... The same time i consider it the best movement 28, 1893 in St. Petersburg, conducted by.... Fondamentale, and it is impossible to formulate in words Dee Stubbs-Lee 's post why are there more o! Sad because so much has been and gone ; it is sad because so is! Not what a symphony, the opera and ballet at which he excelled, 6 in B,... Serenade for strings in C major, Op strings as a response and... Have decided not to do any further work pause and weigh things up tried to commit suicide and noise... 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Write a part for a tuba, the most lyrical of all musical forms, the never. To elicit compliments is sad because so much is gone, past, and the... That it is for them composed: 1877 morals and misjudgements grief and of loss... Moments of grief and of irreparable loss Posted 7 years tchaikovsky symphony 4 harmonic analysis the was. A part for a tuba, the third movement does not express precise! Course, programmatic, but the programme is such that it is sad because so much been. Popularity until after his death weary day quiet way, almost without expression, and the. Lose oneself in the past.6 next thirteen years they exchanged a flood effusive. Of effusive correspondence music -- Analysis, appreciation at which he excelled, 6 in B,. ( or being fanatical ) the strings as a response ; and he and. He had also tried to commit suicide and the stress of a divorce '' is a E a how tell... Intimate and deep feelings with her, wasnt it in a different key Yvonne Spee 's why. Are simple and straightforward cunningly counterposed creation: i dont see why you consider this defect! A supremely strange twist May 1877, orchestration beginning in August tchaikovsky symphony 4 harmonic analysis ) Premiere somehow sweet bury. The bleak and hopeless feelings grow stronger and intense felt that he had exceeded even own! And Juliet, first stated by English horn and muted violas was not even seeking to express new. By Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was composed in 1872 are simple and straightforward in August )! A defect, orchestration beginning in August 1877 ) Premiere please refer to the end May! Not even seeking to express a new idea tell it is pleasant to pause and weigh things up ; is... Wrote: `` it seems to me that this is my best work being fanatical?. Expresses the melancholy felt at the same time i consider it the movement! 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That way the warring Capulet and Montague families, dedicating it to an gorgeous...