Nine buoys on the Laurentian Great Lakes were compared to satellite-derived summer mean temperature values, resulting in smaller errors (RMSE of 0.43C) and negligible biases for satellite estimates. fr Hydrobiol. Boreal Environ. However, at broad spatial scales, climatic factors have a larger influence on surface water temperatures than lake morphology17. Taylor, M. W. & Hams, K. M. The physical and chemical limnology of Lake McConaughy with reference to fisheries management (Nebraska Technical Series No.9, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, 1981). Wright, 27. We then merged the cloud-free observations from both series of instruments into a single dataset to maximize the sampling frequency. Monit. The time period when the sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon at either sunrise or sunset. While this approach allowed us to standardize the methodology used for calculating mean summer temperatures across our lakes, we were concerned that mean temperatures calculated for lakes with longer sampling intervals (e.g., one temperature measurement each week) would have more error than lakes with shorter sampling intervals (e.g., daily temperature measurements). Diverging site-specific trends in the water temperature of a large boreal lake in winter and summer due to mixed effects of local features and climate change. ATSR-1, ATSR-2 and AATSR stopped acquiring useful data in 1996, 2003, and 2012, respectively. Oneida Lake, located in Oneida/Oswego County, New York, United States, was sampled weekly. Gage-height records are generally good. to Am. Lakes Inari and Kevojrvi are located in the northernmost Lapland Province. U.S. Route 129 passes just north of the town, leading southeast 6 . Data are publicly available online at http://www.archbold-station.org. Rimmer, A., Gal, G., Opher, T., Lechinsky, Y. From 19912010, a temperature sensor of an oxygen probe was used (WTW Oxi 197S, Weilheim, Germany)43. Sudbury area lakes have been sampled by the Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit at Laurentian University, under the supervision of two research scientists, Bill Keller and Norman Yan. Water temperature sampling was performed at the deepest spot in the lake at variable times during the daylight hours. Discharge records are generally good except for estimated discharges, which . NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). 46). S.Sh., D.K.G., J.S.R., C.M.O., C.G., A.Q., S.St., B.D., J.D.L. Summary . We used sampling intervals ranging from once per day to once every 34 days and constructed 20000 simulated datasets for each sampling interval. Environ. The views are nothing short of breathtaking. NDBC Buoy and C-Man reports. Lake Santeetlah, July, has days with highs of 87F (31C) and lows of 66F (19C).The coldest month, January has days with highs of 45F (7C) and lows . Samal, N. R. et al. Feet MSL. As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 67 people, 38 households, and 25 families residing in the town. 81, 15251536 (2000). To obtain Water temperature sampling was performed between 9:00 and 21:00, mostly before noon, since April 1961 using a Ruttner water sampler47. Freshwater ecosystems are vulnerable to the effects of global environmental change1. Bull. The summer mean was calculated by finding the mean of all of these daily values beginning on the first day of July and ending on the last day of September (for Northern Hemisphere lakes). Water temperature conditions of lakes and rivers in Finland in the 20th century. For Sale: Lot/Land for sale,$295,000, 0.13 Acre, $2,269,231/Acre at Tbd Lakeside Trail, Robbinsville, NC 28711 The NOAA 5-channel Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) cloud imagery record began in 1981, and cloud statistics derived using Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended (PATMOS-x) processing system are available with global coverage70. Water temperature profiles were obtained during the daylight hours between 9:00 to 14:00 using a Peabody Ryan Model J Thermograph between 198088, a Richard Brancher Temperature Logger XL-800 between 198997, a Hobo onset stow away logger between 19982007, and a Hobo water temperature pro V2 from 2008 to present. Weather overview for Lake Santeetlah (Graham County, North Carolina, United States): detailed weather forecasts, 14 days trend, current rain/snow radar, storm tracking, current observations, satellite images, model charts and much more. Robbinsville was not incorporated until 1893, and it had only 200 residents in 1915. Additional details on the accuracy of the records can be obtained by contacting the USGS South Atlantic Water Science Center at gs-w-nc_nwisweb_data_inquiries@usgs.gov. Hope Valley, Little Para, and Tod were sampled at a depth of 0m, Warren at depths of 0, 5, and 10m, Happy Valley at 0, 5, 10 and 15m, Beetaloo at depths of 0, 10 and 15m, Millbrook and South Para at 0, 10, and 20m, Barossa at 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25m, Mount Bold and Myponga at 0, 10, 20 and 30m, and Kangaroo Creek Reservoir at 0, 10, and 30m. All samples were obtained from sites adjacent to the dam wall. Water temperatures from Cannonsville, Pepacton, Rondout, Neversink, Schoharie, Ashokan East, Ashokan West, and Kensico, in New York, United States were generally sampled monthly (although weekly in some years). Check current conditions in Lake Santeetlah, NC with radar, hourly, and more. 2012) (NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre, 2013). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been measuring . Water temperatures were recorded at 10:00 with a STD-12 (Applied Micro-systems), with an error of 0.005 degrees C. The equipment was replaced several times49. This folder contains text files that explain any extrapolation performed as part of the summer mean calculations, including the parabolic equation used for the extrapolation, the time period covered, and the R2 fit to the data. Both data entities are documented in the Ecological Metadata Language (EML) and are archived in the Long Term Ecological Research Network Information System and in the R package laketemps. 36, L22402 (2009). 5, 129144 (2004). Gage datum was revised onOctober 01, 2021,based on an error in the determination of the gage datum. available Lake Santeetlah Water Level. The water system grew so unreliable that some property owners dug their own wells. reports The date of the first sample for each of the 20000 datasets was chosen as a random date in June and then the following samples were equally spaced in time starting from that date. At the Loch Outlet, samples were collected weekly from 19821991 during open water months and hourly since 1991. The data are generated on the basis of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX radiance and cloud parameters67, using an updated version of the University of Marylands shortwave flux algorithm and an adaptation of the longwave algorithm. Water-Year 57). Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. The area known as "Santeetlah" along the Cheoah River was sparsely settled, and in any case, the river valley was flooded after Santeetlah Dam was completed in 1928. Sci. Lake McConaughy is a regulated reservoir located near Ogallala, Nebraska, United States. Schladow, S. G., Plmarsson, S. ., Steissberg, T. E., Hook, S. J. of Results indicate that the downwelling solar irradiance shows good overall agreement with ground measurements, except for a few large biases in Southeast Asia (Sukothai, Bukit, and Kogma). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 68). Creekside Paradise Bed And Breakfast. The samples were obtained at depths of 1m increments from all reservoirs. Water temperature sampling was conducted using a Celsius mercury thermometer. Cite this article. However, there are some regions, such as around the Great Lakes region of North America and northern Europe, in which bodies of water are warming more rapidly than ambient air11,12. 41, 912920 (1996). There are more than fifty primitive campsites scattered around the lake that include a picnic table and fire ring; they have no water or toilets but also require neither permits nor fees. Sci. . The Best Time To Camp In Lake Santeetlah. In addition, data from automatic temperature loggers were available for Lake Erken44. Res. Manag. Bull. earlier, for 51, 11291144 (2012). History of Chemical, Physical and Biological Methods, Sample Locations and Lake Morphometry for the Dorset Environmental Science Centre (19732006) (Ontario Ministry of the Environment Data Report. In Lake Santeetlah, there are 6 comfortable months with high temperatures in the range of 70-85. 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Although the sampling procedure has remained constant, the equipment has changed as described above30. 57, 1479 (2012). Toolik Lake, a multibasin kettle lake in the Alaskan Arctic in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, United States, is a major study site of the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research program (http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/dataprotocol/ArcticLTERIM.html). Russian Acad. These biases range from 90.2Wm2 (22%) at Sukothai to +45.8Wm2 (+12.8%) at Bukit when comparing SRB solar radiation data with ground observations. Gui, S., Liang, S., Wang, K., Li, L. & Xiaotong, Z. All remaining authors provided water temperature and geomorphometric data, summarized how data were acquired and sampled, verified data, and revised the manuscript. Discharge records are generally good except for estimated discharges, which are fair. Hydrobiologia 599, 105110 (2008). Google Scholar. Article Richer, E. & Baron, J. S. Loch Vale Watershed long-term ecological research and monitoring program: quality assurance report, 20032009 (Open-File Report 2011-1137, US Geological Survey, 2011). #6 of 9 specialty lodgings in Robbinsville. A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by. We calculated summer mean temperatures for a 3-month period. Schindler, D. W. et al. We gather the data about all the spots in the United States and gradually process it and update our maps. The samples were obtained from a deep, mid-lake site. Chang. (William V. Wood to Property Owner, April 28, 1999.) FOIA Water temperatures were sampled from the deepest site in the centre at 11:00 with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler56. Thank you for reporting this station. Nature 424, 766768 (2003). 1144 (2011). and Trends that we calculated from temporally-matched satellite and in situ summer means for the 11 lakes had an RMSE difference of 0.03C per year. Privacy a This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Glob. Limnol. The dataset has a spatial resolution of 1 1 and temporal resolution of 3h. In addition to the SRB incoming shortwave radiation (SW) and longwave radiation (LW), we also provide estimates of the total incoming radiation (Rtot=0.93*SW+0.97*LW) that is absorbed by a dark, water surface under ice-free conditions (i.e., an assumed shortwave albedo of 7% and longwave emissivity of 0.97). A naive Bayesian cloud-detection scheme derived from CALIPSO and applied within PATMOS-x. Water temperature sampling was done weekly at the 24m deep site at the south end of the main basin from ice-off in mid-June until mid to late August with a Hydrolab profiler sampling Surveyor 4a, datalogger and a datasonde 4a multiprobe with attached SCUFA and Licor. Ten years later, in 1998, a town hall was dedicated on the Fourth of July. We defined the maximum gap as the maximum of all gaps for a single year. The mean gap was the mean of all gaps for a single year. Res. a [citation needed], Lake Santeetlah adjoins a portion of U.S. 129 called the Tail of the Dragon, a road frequently used for recreational purposes by motorcycle and sports car enthusiasts because of its purported 318 curves in 11 miles (18km).[25]. These data are monthly gridded files calculated from observations. Aquat. Specifically, temperatures were measured at depths of 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, and 100m at the centre of the lake21. Six lakes of the Experimental Lakes Area (L223, L224, L227, L239, L240, and L302s), located in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, were sampled daily from 1979-present at 1m depths30. For many of the lakes sampled using satellite imagery, very little morphometric information was readily available. Lake Washington (King County, Washington) and Lake Aleknagik (Dillingham Census Area, Alaska) are both located in the United States. An independent assessment of pathfinder AVHRR sea surface temperature accuracy using the marine atmosphere emitted radiance interferometer (MAERI). The Lake Baikal data are part of a dataset (No. which is a beach area that has gradual slopes in the depth of the water as well as markers to keep kids and others in a confined area. 53, 27242730 (2008). water The RMSE between satellite and in situ measurements for the 11 long-term summer mean lake surface temperatures was 1.15C. Exceptions included large bodies of water, such as Lake Superior and the Caspian Sea, which included an average of the grid cells that surrounded these lakes (because we used a land-based air temperature dataset, grid cells that were over only water did not have data). best 2007 birth year hockey players Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. The figure shows interpolation conducted with temperature measurements conducted at an interval of once every 10 days (panel a), once every 20 days (panel b), or once every 30 days (panel c). Natural year-to-year variability in air temperatures and other factors can influence water temperatures. wrote the manuscript. In the town, the population was spread out, with 4.5% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 25 to 44, 41.8% from 45 to 64, and 43.3% who were 65 years of age or older. From 1999 to 2002 the CTD SBE 19 SeaCAT Profiler was used and thereafter the CTD SBE 19plus V2 SeaCAT profiler. Lake Constance is a large and deep lake bordering Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Lakes Maggiore and Orta are both located in northwestern Italy, in the subalpine lake district. 45, 16391646 (2000). Am. Freshw. http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/19451/TR2011-12.pdf (2012). Am. The sampling time for the AVHRR instruments varied roughly between 10 pm and 5 am local time at each site, with the majority of measurements made between 1 am and 4 am. Lake Pjrvi (Paajarvi), situated in southern Finland, was sampled monthly. CAS For Wetzel, R. G. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems (Academic Press, 2001). Using only nighttime data ensures that the lake surface water temperature remains mostly constant and is not affected by diurnal heating. year Near real-time nowcasts and forecasts of winds, waves, currents, and water temps. & Kratz, T. K. Long-term ecological research (LTER) on north temperate lakes of the United States. Temperature measurements collected with a sampling interval of 1 were considered to have no error and served as a basis for comparison with data collected at higher sampling intervals. 46, 12201227 (2001). Report. 12879 lakes / reservoirs. From 1986 to 1998 the multiparameter probe Meerestechnik Elektronik (ECO 236) was used. Hydrobiologia 731, 1929 (2014). In the epilimnion, profiles were taken at 2.5m intervals (1.0m intervals after 1991), and the depth intervals in the meta- and hypolimnion varied from 5 to 20m. Surface temperature was measured at approximately 10 cm depth using a self-made sonde which functioned based on the Wheatstone-Bridge technique from 19851990. "Graham County: A Quiet Place in the Smokies," undated pamphlet, Graham County Travel and Tourism, Robbinsville, NC. Samples were obtained from five sites in Burrangorang, specifically from 14km south of the dam wall (079m), 4km from Butchers (033m), 9km south of the dam wall (051m), at Woll arm (060m), and 500m south of the dam wall (0100m). The median age was 61 years. "Jeff and Cynthia run a friendly and very comfortable B&B in a beautiful location in the NC mountains. There were 172 housing units at an average density of 853.3 per square mile (332.0/km2). Santeetlah Lake and the Cheoah District of the Nantahala National Forest which surrounds it provide exceptional recreational opportunities. Ymp 566, 1115 (2002). 94, 10311049 (2013). Assuming sampling for a given year preceded (or started on) the first interpolation date and extended past (or ended on) the last interpolation date, we used linear interpolation to create a daily value for all dates between the beginning and end of the interpolation period (inclusive). Depth maps and Marine charts. Science 250, 967970 (1990). We also calculated gap lengths, which were the intervals in days between sequential sampling times. Lake Plusssee, located in northern Germany, was sampled weekly since 1985 at depths of 0 to 15m with intervals of 1m and at 20, 25, and 26m. The samples were obtained from the middle of the lake, above the deepest spot. George, D. G., Hewitt, D. P., Jennings, E., Allott, N. & McGinnity, P. The impact of changes in the weather on the surface temperatures of Windermere (UK) and Lough Feeagh (Ireland). Only 13% have sampling intervalsonce every 30 days (Figure 5). Oceanogr. Int. Res. However, the name change produced some semantic curiosities. ; and ii) Which climatic forcing variables and geomorphometric factors are most important in driving changes in water temperature, i.e., do similar lake types exhibit similar rates of warming or cooling globally? Kemp, M. U., Emiel van Loon, E., Shamoun-Baranes, J. Specifically, from 1991 to 1997, the Idronaut Ocean Seven 401 was used, from 1998 to 2008, the Seacat SBE 19-03 was used, while from 2009-present, the Idronaut Ocean Seven 316Plus37 was used. Water temperature sampling was performed in the daytime with a CTD profiler and a thermistor. Maroonda, Silvan and Sugarloaf Reservoirs are located in Victoria, Australia. Exceptions were latitudes less than 23.5, for which the JAS metric was used south of the equator and the JFM metric was used north of the equator. To find the necessary one, just use the search. ADS U.S. Route 129 passes just north of the town, leading southeast 6 miles (10km) to Robbinsville, the county seat, and northwest 9 miles (14km) to Tapoco at the Little Tennessee River. Effects of climatic warming on lakes of the central Boreal Forest. Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report 2010-11. Lake Taihu, located near Shanghai, China was sampled monthly at a depth of 0.20.5m. The samples were obtained at two locations near the lake centre and two locations in Meiliang Bay. We collected latitude, longitude, elevation, surface area, volume, mean depth, and maximum depth for each lake, if available (Table 1). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Santeetlah&oldid=1000692201, Bodies of water of Graham County, North Carolina, Protected areas of Graham County, North Carolina, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 07:01. [10], In the early 1960s, a new corporation, Smoky Mountain Resorts, built a lodge and some cabins, and the first landowners began to build on the north shore of the peninsula. 54, 2401 (2009). J. Climatol. year. Straile, D., Johnk, K. & Rossknecht, H. Complex effects of winter warming on the physicochemical characteristics of a deep lake. Climate-related variations in mixing dynamics in an Alaskan arctic lake. Third, we compared trends from the in situ data for 19852009. Lakes Inari, Kallavesi, Kevojrvi (Kevojarvi) Lappajrvi (Lappjarvi), Pijnne (Paijanne), Pielavesi, Pielinen, and Saimaa are all located in Finland. led development and information acquisition for manuscript. These reservoirs were sampled daily at a sampling depth of 0m. Water temperature sampling was performed in the morning with a handheld YSI or Hydrolab thermistor. The time of Civil Sunset minus the time of Civil Sunrise. Data for Lake Constance were provided by the Institut fr Seenforschung, Langenargen (Intenationale Gewsserschutzkommission fr den Bodensee - IGKB). Meteorol. Rates of change in physical and chemical lake variablesare they comparable between large and small lakes? Sharma, S., Walker, S. C. & Jackson, D. A. Empirical modelling of lake water-temperature relationships: A comparison of approaches. Article By Charles Wellington. At the coordinates selected for each site, we extracted a 33 pixel array of thermal infrared data for each nighttime overpass. The daily time series from Lake Vttern since 1955 was prepared and provided by Vtterns Water Protection Association. Annual 27, 30613074 (2013). & Scholes, P. Managing the lakes of the Rotorua District, New Zealand. In order to estimate the amount of error attributable to differences in sampling interval, we designed bootstrap simulations in the R programming language. 4.9 miles from Lake Santeetlah. Data were collected at 25min intervals at multiple depths from the surface to the bottom in increments from less than 1m to approximately 5m; surface water measurements were made at 0.5m. Water temperatures were recorded using a Lake Diagnostic System (LDS) with PME thermistor chain typically moored at the deepest point in the reservoirs and close to the dam wall. The surface water temperature was measured at Mustvee, Mehikoorma and Praaga hydrometric stations of Lake Peipsi. Water temperatures in Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, and Erie in North America were recorded every 10min to hourly at a depth of 0.61m. The samples were obtained from three different sites in Lake Superior12, two sites each on Lakes Huron and Michigan, and one site on Lakes Erie. Lakes Kallavesi and Pielavesi are located in Northern Savonia, eastern Finland. The water is clear and the temperature perfect for summer swimming. Policies and Notices, U.S. Department of the Interior | Geophys. Water temperatures were recorded in the morning with a handheld YSI or Hydrolab thermistor54. Houston, TX 76 Sunny. Weather conditions with updates on temperature, humidity, wind speed, snow, pressure, etc. Lake Stechlin (Stechlinsee) is located in the eastern part of Germanys South-Baltic lake region, approximately 75km north of Berlin. Lake Santeetlah, NC - Weather forecast from Theweather.com. These lakes had been sampled at least monthly during summer generally between 1985 until 2009 (Figure 2). Water temperature sampling was conducted continuously (in situ paper or sensor record), but compiled daily at midnight. Gerten, D. & Adrian, R. Climate-driven changes in spring plankton dynamics and the sensitivity of shallow polymictic lakes to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Lake Santeetlah, part of the Tennessee River watershed, was created in 1928 when Alcoa dammed the Cheoah River as a means of generating hydroelectric power in Graham County, North Carolina. 14, 19471958 (2008). Voutilainen, A. et al. Gage-height records are generally good. 48, 14321438 (2003). The horizon should be clearly defined and the brightest stars should be visible under good atmospheric conditions (i.e. U.S. Geological Survey The air temperature data we obtained from NCEP represent version 2 of the NCEP reanalysis data65. The remaining reservoirs were sampled at sites adjacent to the dam wall. and Markovic et al.69 also evaluated the SRB dataset at six surface radiation sites from the United States surface radiation (SURFRAD) network and found good agreement with the SRB data across the annual cycle. The time of Actual Sunset minus the time of Actual Sunrise. 2005620028) registered with the government of the Russian Federation and collected by many Irkutsk State University staff, now supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science, research project GR 01201461929, National Science Foundation (DEB-1136637) supported additional data management. For reference, approximately 38% of the in situ lakes in our dataset have sampling intervals of at least once every 10 days, while 58% have sampling intervals of at least once every 20 days (Figure 4). Can. Sampling was performed during the daytime, typically between 9:00 and 15:00 with a YSI Model 58 tempDO metre (https://lter.limnology.wisc.edu/about/lakes). Lake Peipsi (Peipus) on the border of Estonia and Russia, was sampled twice daily at 8:00 and 20:00, at a depth of 0.1m (ref. Z. Mechanisms of long-term variations in the thermal structure of a warm lake. Level Base: MSL Full Pool: Flood Pool: Change Since Yesterday: 0.09 Feet Level Controlled by: Dam Name: Santeetlah (ALCOA POWER GENERATING INC., TAPOCO DIVISION) & Tulonen, T. Plankton metabolism and sedimentation in a small boreal lakea long-term perspective. In 1957 he served as president of the National Association of Realtors. 2013, Biol 53, 897911 (2008). We then used linear interpolation to calculate daily temperatures for July, August, and September. OReilly, C. M., Alin, S. R., Plisnier, P.-D., Cohen, A. S. & McKee, B. Only lakes that exhibited at least a 1010km area of pure water surface without any islands or shorelines were selected, in order to make sure that there was no contamination by land surfaces.